Newspaper Article #6 – The Controversy About Dogs
Controversy. Where does it not exist? We all have been warned not to discuss politics or religion. If you live in Tennessee, you may want to add football teams to that list. What about dogs? What could be controversial about dogs? Well, it seems just about everything.
Let’s start with breed specific legislation. Many municipalities across the country have established a restriction on owning certain breeds of dog. Pit bulls are by far the most recognized breed to be outlawed by communities, which is ironic as it is also a breed which is so often misidentified. I checked the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta website for statistics and found they stopped recording bites by breed in 1998. Looking at all the years combined, pits did have the highest number of incidents for dog bite related fatalities. However, bites resulting in human fatalities were recorded for thirty breeds including a Labrador, a Dachshund, and a Yorkie. In the later years of the statistics, it is noted that Rottweilers surpassed Pit Bulls in the number of dog bite related fatalities. If you read further, you will find the CDC is opposed to breed specific regulation. The CDC suggests “generic, non-breed-specific, dangerous dog laws be enacted that place primary responsibility for a dog’s behavior on the owner, regardless of the dog’s breed. In particular, targeting chronically irresponsible dog owners may be effective.” It is their belief that educating owners as to the appropriate breed for their life style as well as teaching people about the importance of training and socialization will do much to reduce the number of dog bites and the fatalities that result from them. I admit I agree with them. The entire report can be read at http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/duip/dogbreeds.pdf .
Another topic currently creating a wealth of controversy concerns the ability of the dog to think and to have emotions. There has been some fascinating work coming out of Europe regarding the abilities of dogs to solve problems. Cysani has shown that dogs pay very close attention to people and use their observations to communicate. In a type of animal shell game, he would place a treat under one scent-proof cup, shuffle the cups, then point to the cup which contained the treat. Dogs outperformed chimps significantly in this test. A Border Collie named Guiness has been able to identify different landscapes, different faces, and even different dog breeds. Another Border Collie, Rico, has been shown to identify 200 different toys. Studies have shown dogs can tell the difference in abstract concepts such as large and small, and in sizes and shapes. While I don’t for a minute equate a dog’s ability to think with that of a person, I do believe we have far underestimated the thinking capabilities of dogs. The same can be said of emotions and dogs. The structure of the part of the brain that controls emotions, the limbic system, is similar in dogs and people and would suggest that dogs do experience emotion even though it may not be exactly like human emotion. For some people, there must be scientific measurement recorded to prove emotions in dogs. For other people, those who come home after a brief absence to a barking, wagging, smiling dog, there is no study on earth that will convince them dogs don’t have emotions. Most believers will tell stories of a dog’s fear, anger, happiness, and love. Studies at this time can only confirm the remarkable similarity between dog and human brains and use this to conclude some sort of emotion on the part of dogs exists. If you are interested in thought and emotion in dogs, I would highly recommend the book For the Love of a Dog – Understanding Emotion in You and Your Best Friend by Dr. Patricia McConnell.
Why does it matter if dogs think or have emotions? The answer leads to yet another controversy – how dogs should be trained. Consider a fearful dog. If a trainer does not believe or care if a dog has emotions, then the solution will probably consist of dominating the dog (use of a shock collar or leash pops) or a technique called “flooding” – overloading the dog with whatever it is the dog fears. The trainer who believes the dog has emotions will choose to desensitize the dog to the fearful object and then change the dog’s emotional state when encountering that object (counter conditioning). I use this example with my clients: If you are scared of snakes and I don’t care about your emotions, I will just throw you in a room full of snakes. You’ll get over it, right? On the other hand, if I do consider your emotional state, I will start at a distance by showing you a picture of a snake and gradually work up to you handling a snake. I will reward you with a $100 bill each time you are able to work more closely with the snake to change your emotional reaction to the snake. Which would you prefer?
People will always disagree. When choosing a side, defend your position with the most current information available. Most of all, just love your dog. Dogs don’t create controversy, people do.